Jusletter IT

From Norms to Obligations Revisited: A Case of Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds

  • Authors: Friedrich Lachmayer / Vytautas Čyras
  • Category: Short Articles
  • Region: Lithuania
  • Field of law: Legal Informatics
  • Collection: Festschrift Erich Schweighofer
  • Citation: Friedrich Lachmayer / Vytautas Čyras, From Norms to Obligations Revisited: A Case of Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds, in: Jusletter IT 22 February 2011
In this paper we reflect on constructing legal frameworks which affect online virtual worlds. A virtual world is viewed as a whole and depicted by the metaphor of stage. This is a model, a symbolisation of the conceptual framework of the virtual world, within the methodological concept of cognitive spatialisation. In this paper symbolisation precedes formalisation on the way to construction and legal knowledge representation. Thus visualization of virtual world issues can have a favourable effect on modelling, formal representation and operational implementation of rules. Rules (norms) are divided into classes such as legal, technical (technological), professional, reputation, energy, etc. Distinguished classes have different modes of effect: legal rules can be violated but it is impossible to violate technical rules. We also attempt to formalise the normative status of the rule’s addressee. Therefore, the concepts of unified duty and summary duty are revisited. The input/output of a normative status synthesizer is specified. An example explores duties and permissions of a girl in a cafe. A list of duties is interpreted with a connective intersection and a list of permissions – with union.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Frame of a Virtual World
  • 3. Principles of Construction of a Virtual World Legal Framework
  • 3.1. Three Legal Stages
  • 3.2. Formalising Rules
  • 3.2.1. Technical Rules
  • 3.2.2. Legal Rules
  • 3.2.3. Energy Rules
  • 4. Normative Resultants
  • 4.1. Deontic Field
  • 4.2. The Unified Status
  • 4.3. The Summary Status
  • 4.4. An Example of Normative Resultant: A Girl with her Father in a Café
  • 4.5. Incompatible Rules Result with ‹Impossible› Summary Obligation
  • 4.6. Synthesizing Normative Status
  • 5. Related Work
  • 6. Conclusions
  • 7. References

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